【90周年华诞钟山学术大讲堂】Ole Pedersen 教授学术报告

报告题目：Flood tolerance of terrestrial plants

报告时间：11月11日下午14:30

报告地点：综合楼第二会议室

主讲人：Ole Pedersen 教授

主讲人介绍：Ole Pedersen 教授，丹麦哥本哈根大学科学学院生物系，澳大利亚西澳大学和美国佛罗里达大西洋大学生物系兼职教授，国际植物淹水学会(International Society of Plant Anaerobiosis)执行秘书。Ole Pedersen 教授长期从事涝害条件下水稻等农作物和湿地植物的生理和分子适应机制、海洋（水草）生态学、植物和沉积物的相互作用等研究，专长于利用微电极（microelectrodes）测定植物体内O₂, CO₂等含量。h-index=35, 被引用频次>4500，相关文章发表在Nature, Science, New Phytologist, Plant Cell and Environment 等知名期刊。

报告摘要：

Flooding is a compound stress that invokes a series of responses in plants. In many cases, waterlogging is the first step in a submergence event and most species respond by increasing the gas‑filled spaces of the roots in order to facilitate gas‑phase diffusion of oxygen which is needed to sustain aerobic respiration of the growing root tip. However, the steep gradient in oxygen concentration between root tissue and the waterlogged, anoxic soil drives a substantial diffusive flux of oxygen from tissues to soil referred to as radial oxygen loss (ROL). As a countermeasure, some species form a barrier to ROL, a constitutive or inducible root trait present in many wetland plants, to restrict the radial oxygen loss. I propose, however, that the ROL barrier also serves to protect against soil phytotoxins such as reduced metals, organic acids and sulphides, which are produced by anaerobic bacteria in waterlogged, anoxic soils. During more severe flood events, the entire shoot can also become submerged, which invokes additional stress due to the slow diffusion of both oxygen and carbon dioxide in water as well as low light availability in murky floodwaters. This presentation shows examples of laboratory and in situ measurements of internal aeration in wheat and rice as well as in natural wetland plants facing waterlogging, partial or complete submergence. I also report on a newly discovered gene, LGF1, that confers flood tolerance in rice by greatly enhancing underwater photosynthesis during complete submergence. Taken together, the many beneficial traits available calls for a promising future with “climate-smart” crops if we manage to combine QTLs via pyramidization in e.g., rice and wheat.